Free Essays on The Red Air Fighter

Manfred Von Richthofen a Cavalry Officer in Germany armed force is the writer of the book named â€Å"The Red Air Fighter†. He was conceived in Schwednitz in Germany in 1882. He was a military pilot on the Western Front in 1916. Richthofen an incredible warrior destroyed fifteen airplane in his days and became authority of this own unit. He likewise turned into the most renowned war pro in Germany. This book’s data itself is 85 years of age however the age doesn't impact the material educated in the book. This book discusses the author’s life and his triumphs and how he came to fruition to accomplishing it. This book is for perusers who are keen on finding out about the past and how it influenced what's to come. It gives first individual perspectives on what life of a renowned and notorious expert of World War I resembled. The creator depicts his childhood his preparation his adventures noticeable all around, brilliant stories in his downtime. The design of the book keeps the peruser intrigued and its use of jargon is for laymen. One should move toward this work with an impartial mind and permit the piece to fall where they may. Any individual who can peruse can have the encounters that creator had during his life in the hour of the war. This book is direct, obtuse style of composing permits the pages to stream rapidly. The creator basically utilizes his own background to communicate his view and contributions in the war. He began from being and onlooker and worked his way through turning into the officer of his unit. He was outstanding amongst other air contenders in Germany. One of the most intriguing piece of the book with regards to on page 103. He has devoted an entire page to his pooch ‘Moritz†. He discusses the things that he use to do and the genuine companionship between a man and his closest companion. The book it self is no excessively long however it contacts all the parts of the author’s lif e. In this book the writer gives and understanding on how the war was battled and the risk one needs to experience to arrive at their triumph. In my operation... Free Essays on The Red Air Fighter Free Essays on The Red Air Fighter Manfred Von Richthofen a Cavalry Officer in Germany armed force is the writer of the book named â€Å"The Red Air Fighter†. He was conceived in Schwednitz in Germany in 1882. He was a military pilot on the Western Front in 1916. Richthofen a great contender destroyed fifteen airplane in his days and became authority of this own unit. He additionally turned into the most popular war expert in Germany. This book’s data itself is 85 years of age yet the age doesn't impact the material educated in the book. This book discusses the author’s life and his triumphs and how he came to fruition to accomplishing it. This book is for perusers who are keen on finding out about the past and how it influenced what's to come. It gives first individual perspectives on what life of an acclaimed and scandalous pro of World War I resembled. The creator portrays his childhood his preparation his endeavors noticeable all around, vivid stories in his downtime. The format of the book keeps the peruser intrigued and its use of jargon is for laymen. One should move toward this work with an unbiased mind and permit the piece to fall where they may. Any individual who can peruse can have the encounters that creator had during his life in the hour of the war. This book is clear, gruff style of composing permits the pages to stream rapidly. The creator for the most part utilizes his own background to communicate his view and inclusions in the war. He began from being and spectator and worked his way through turning into the leader of his unit. He was outstanding amongst other air warriors in Germany. One of the most fascinating piece of the book with regards to on page 103. He has committed an entire page to his pooch ‘Moritz†. He discusses the things that he use to do and the genuine companionship between a man and his closest companion. The book it self is no excessively long however it contacts all the parts of the author’s life. In this book the writer gives and knowledge on how the war was battled and the risk one needs to experience to arrive at their triumph. In my operation...

Marketing and Student Recruitment Policy and Procedure

Question: Talk about the Marketing and Student Recruitment Policy and Procedure. Answer: Presentation The report portrays about the showcasing plan of Central Queensland University. Promoting plan is a sort of guide for the college considered. For brief comprehension to the college promoting procedures, Sydney grounds has been considered by the report (CQ college). Focal Queensland University is a double division college of Australia. Here double segment college implies that the college is associated with giving professional training that is abilities based and advanced education that is scholarly instruction based. It is an open organization, headquartered in North Rockhampton, Queensland. The college is established in 1967. The college has a strategic getting perhaps the biggest college by 2020. The administration of college is wanting to present courses like nearby program and separation learning program. The college has been partnered by Regional colleges organize. The showcasing outline of the college the executives is to select understudies, and actualizing the promoting methodologies like marking. The college issues distributions, execute showcasing strategies and publicizing instruments. The administration of college is profoundly enjoyed guaranteeing that whether Australian showcasing exercises and advertising vehicles are coordinated with the objectives of college. Request appraisal Request can be surveyed by deciding the spot and courses offered by the college. The college has given its seminar on Bundaberg, Brisbane, Geraldton, Emerald, Mackay, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Melbourne, Adelaide, Noosa, Sydney, New South Wales, Adelaide, cairns, Victoria, Townsville and Australia. The college gives a wide assortment of projects like postgraduate, graduate, confirmation programs, examine programs, undergrad projects and recognition programs. In confirmation program the college gives four classes of testaments. The college gives surmised 42 lone wolf programs, 6 planning courses and 5 PHDs programs. Other than this, the college additionally gives different learning projects, for example, communicating in and composing language courses. The assortment of projects offered by the college expands the interest of college for understudies and people (CQ Australia, 2017). Division and target showcase Division can be comprehended as isolating the market into little portions with the goal that they can be focused on effectively by the advertised by the organization. The college has a wide territory of fragments in Australia. If there should arise an occurrence of Sydney grounds, it has a colossal number of understudy populaces. While in the event of focusing on, the college executes promoting procedure for its portions. This helps the college in changing over the intrigued people with regards to turning into the understudy of college. The college focuses on the understudies of Sydney by offering them office of mixed media labs, theaters, understudy parlor, bookshop and some more. Situating implies that how the college plans its system to make a brand picture in the psyche of its understudies. Situating technique assumes an extensive job in near investigation of colleges giving same assortment of courses. The college has situated itself as amazing training supplier that is the explanation it has greatest selected understudies that are around 2000 (Singh, 2012). Current market blend investigation In Sydney, the college offers courses like business, law, bookkeeping, expressions, humanities training, building, wellbeing programs, data innovation, media, brain research, science, and arrangement of English, study and work. The college has centers around local and global understudies. If there should arise an occurrence of global understudies they can apply online for the courses. The limited time techniques received by the college are paper distributions, online assets and informal. The cost charged as expenses by the college from understudies, is in Australian dollars. The expenses are charged for full time courses and it does exclude cost of books and facilities. The expense differs from 24000 to 30000 Australian dollars (Mastersportal, 2017). Political (P): the principles and guidelines shaped by Australian government mediates the guideline of college programs. Conservative (E): the expenses charged by college are high. For worldwide understudies concentrating in Australia is favored because of solid financial cycle. Social (S): These elements includes decision of understudy in choosing the college. Other than this, the accessibility of offices additionally assumes an impressive job for choosing the college. Innovative (T): CQ college gives incredible mechanical condition to its understudies that is all the information are recorded at focal area, and understudies are given fast web office (Richter, 2012). Contender investigation of a nearby contender or serious brand The best three contender of CQ University will be University of Melbourne, Deakin University, and University of Western Australia. Anyway the CQ University has 401th position in world for giving instructive projects as gave by times advanced education (Duckett, 2014). SWOT investigation Qualities Wide assortment of courses offered by the college, and greatest number of understudies enrolled with the college. Shortcoming The college has shortcoming in its instructive personnel. Opportunity The Sydney has roughly 4,000,000 of populace; consequently the college has an open door in expanding the understudy base. Dangers Absence of assets and gifted power can make a danger on improvement and progression in contributions by the college. Worth and brand situating systems The college offers some incentive to its understudies by guaranteeing them high caliber of training that would help the understudies in accomplishing their fantasy vocation. In brand situating, the college gives guiding offices, with the goal that understudy could pick the course as per his gauge (Edurank, 2017). It has been seen that the college is at its developing stage. Subsequently to stay serious in nature for longer period, the administration of college must consolidate the changing pattern of instruction in its prospectus (CQUniversity Australia, 2017). End By breaking down the report over focal Queensland University, it tends to be said that the organization offers a wide assortment of courses to its understudies, however it neglects to use every one of its assets in a powerful way. It has been examined that the cost charged by the college are very high, thus to stay serious in instruction industry, the college must set its costs at serious level. References CQ Australia,. (2017) Marketing and understudy enrollment arrangement and method. Recovered on 21st March, from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiWjvXmp-fSAhXELo8KHbCDD4sQFgglMAIurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqu.edu.au%2Fpolicy%2Fsharepoint-archive download%3Ffile_uri%3D%257BBE8380F3-F86D-4C55-AC0D-84A81EAFD6A2%257D%2FMarketing%2520and%2520Student%2520Recruitment%2520Policy%2520and%2520Procedure.pdfusg=AFQjCNFYZPtT7c6uJ5QwvAG1vGjWSRrnGA CQ college,. (n.d.) Vision and qualities. Recovered on 21st March, 2017 from https://www.cqu.edu.au/about-us/about-cquniversity/vision-and-qualities CQUniversity Australia,. (2017) International courses and expenses 2017. Recovered on 21st March, 2017 from https://my.cqu.edu.au/reports/10165/106248200/International+Courses+and+Fees+2017_V1.pdf/bec955c2-154d-4103-b21a-b23fc19d4085 Duckett, S,. (2014) The PEST (political, monetary, social and innovative) condition graduation address. Recovered on 21st March, 2017 from https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/transfers/2014/10/Graduation-address-LTU-14-October-2014.pdf Edurank,. (2017) Social media estimation for the training area. Recovered on 21st March, 2017 from https://edurank.net/ Mastersportal,. (2017) CQUniversity Australia. Recovered on 21st March, 2017 from https://www.mastersportal.eu/colleges/11909/cquniversity-australia.html Richter, T,. (2012) International showcasing blend the board: Theoretical system, possibility factors and observational discoveries from world-markets, Logos verlag, Berlin Singh, M,. (2012) Marketing blend of 4Ps for upper hand, Journal of business and the board 3(6)

Freedom: Digital and Literal Essay -- The Internet

The web has become a fundamental piece of our lives, connecting individuals abroad, transmitting thoughts, and moving advancement. So as to proceed with the advancements and connections, governments and specialist organizations ought not control, confine, or edit the web. The web, as it stands today, fills in as a mechanism for our diversion, correspondence, and business needs. It is something a significant number of us have come to underestimate. The first expected reason for the first â€Å"internet,† be that as it may, returns to the times of the Cold War where the regularly approaching danger of an atomic rocket assault provoked the U.S., just as numerous different nations, to construct a strong, issue lenient, and generally dispersed PC organize. By 1970, ARPANET had been made from examine supported by the Department of Defense. ARPANET connected research offices in the East and West drifts in a way that was extraordinary as far as speed and cost. The web was not popularized until the most recent decade of the twentieth century, after which it increased broad prevalence and was along these lines fused into numerous parts of our lives. How various gatherings approach these issues are now and again as various as night and day. These methodol ogies, be that as it may, revolve around guideline, which is itself made out of issues, for example, hostile to theft laws, internet fairness, and the right to speak freely of discourse. The latest of these issues concerns numerous bits of â€Å"anti-piracy† enactment that have showed up before the United States’ Congress and before the European Union’s Parliament. In 2010, Congress endeavored to unobtrusively pass the Combating Online Infringements and Counterfeits Act, which would permit the suspension of sites that have been resolved to be committed to encroaching acti... ...ter Bomb’. Wired. (2012): 1. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Segal, David. Stop the Internet Blacklist. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 27 Nov. 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Steigman, Daria. Is Internet Access a Human Right? Steigman Communications, LLC. 28 Feb. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Suderman, Peter. Web Cop. Reason. 01 Mar. 2011: 20. eLibrary. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Tait, Robert. Oversight Fears Rise as Iran Blocks Access to Top Websites. The Guardian. Gatekeeper News and Media, 03 Dec. 2006. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Tassi, Paul. You Will Never Kill Piracy, and Piracy Will Never Kill You. Forbes. Forbes, 03 Feb 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. Wagner, Adam. Is Internet Access a Human Right? The Guardian. Watchman News and Media, 01 Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Wyden, Ron. Official statements. Wyden Places Hold on Protect IP Act. 26 May 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Opportunity: Digital and Literal Essay - The Internet The web has become a basic piece of our lives, connecting individuals abroad, transmitting thoughts, and pushing development. So as to proceed with the advancements and connections, governments and specialist organizations ought not control, limit, or edit the web. The web, as it stands today, fills in as a vehicle for our diversion, correspondence, and business needs. It is something huge numbers of us have come to underestimate. The first planned motivation behind the first â€Å"internet,† be that as it may, returns to the times of the Cold War where the consistently approaching danger of an atomic rocket assault incited the U.S., just as numerous different nations, to fabricate a powerful, flaw open minded, and generally dispersed PC organize. By 1970, ARPANET had been made from inquire about subsidized by the Department of Defense. ARPANET connected research offices in the East and West drifts in a way that was exceptional regarding pace and cost. The web was not popularized until the most recent decade of the twentieth century, after which it increased boundless fame and was along these lines fused into numerous parts of our lives. How various gatherings approach these issues are here and there as various as night and day. These me thodologies, notwithstanding, base on guideline, which is itself made out of issues, for example, hostile to theft laws, internet fairness, and the right to speak freely of discourse. The latest of these issues concerns numerous bits of â€Å"anti-piracy† enactment that have showed up before the United States’ Congress and before the European Union’s Parliament. In 2010, Congress endeavored to discreetly pass the Combating Online Infringements and Counterfeits Act, which would permit the suspension of sites that have been resolved to be devoted to encroaching acti... ...ter Bomb’. Wired. (2012): 1. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Segal, David. Stop the Internet Blacklist. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 27 Nov. 2010. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Steigman, Daria. Is Internet Access a Human Right? Steigman Communications, LLC. 28 Feb. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Suderman, Peter. Web Cop. Reason. 01 Mar. 2011: 20. eLibrary. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Tait, Robert. Restriction Fears Rise as Iran Blocks Access to Top Websites. The Guardian. Gatekeeper News and Media, 03 Dec. 2006. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Tassi, Paul. You Will Never Kill Piracy, and Piracy Will Never Kill You. Forbes. Forbes, 03 Feb 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2012. Wagner, Adam. Is Internet Access a Human Right? The Guardian. Gatekeeper News and Media, 01 Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Wyden, Ron. Public statements. Wyden Places Hold on Protect IP Act. 26 May 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2012.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 119

Synopsis - Essay Example This strategy gives an impression in the start of the business and afterward it presents another content wherein the rabbit enters with the battery on its back. The rabbit is viewed as another content which in the end joins with the previous content to make a totally unique book. The author calls this procedure intertextuality and thinks of it as significant on the grounds that it doesn't just occur in ads, for example, the one refered to above however it likewise happens in ordinary correspondences. For example on account of the novel by Jane Austen entitled Emma, perusers and watchers of its film adjustments called Emma in 1996 and Clueless in 1995, will have various understandings due to intertextuality. The settings of the two motion pictures are extraordinary however they by one way or another recount to a similar story thus watchers will see their similitudes to the novel. The understandings of the executives and makers of the film are unique. Additionally, this could likewise happen in a person’s understanding of sonnets or other scholarly works. Intertextuality happens regularly in each culture in light of the fact that one’s childhood and culture are significant impacts which at first gave an individual different writings which that individual can use in perusing other

SEEDMATCH

SEEDMATCH © Shutterstock.com | maximmmmumSeedmatch is the biggest crowdfunding platform in Germany. The website is growing swiftly and in this article, we will look at 1) what is Seedmatch?, 2) benefits of using Seedmatch, 3) why and when to use Seedmatch, 4) options to raise funds fees on Seedmatch, 5) how to be successful on Seedmatch, 6) Seedmatch success stories.WHAT IS SEEDMATCH?Seedmatch is a German crowdfunding website that was launched in 2011. The company supports young companies with innovative ideas and products by connecting them to investors. Instead of investment opportunities being available only to a small group of wealthy businesses, angel investors or venture capitalists, the platform allows anyone to invest any amount in a startup with an innovative idea.Seedmatch is an equity based crowdfunding platform rather than a reward based one. This means that instead of a receiving a gift or an early version of the product or service in question, the investor can receive a share i n the company. This makes the products on offer more interesting to serious investors as well as smaller scale ones. The startups are under no obligation to give any voting rights to any investors that makes this an attractive opportunity for them as well.In addition, startups can use the crowd’s intelligence and opinion to test their business idea and make relevant changes to the final offer. The company has a success rate of 95 percent with over 70 rounds of successful funding. There are over 35,000 registered users on the website and total invested capital in projects is over 21 million Euro.Though there is no restriction on the type of project that can be launched for crowdfunding on the website, there are some categories that are more popular with investors than others. These include projects that have a detailed business plan, and areas such as big data, consumer electronics, e-commerce, energy, food, health, mobility, 3D printing, mobile, and IT security.HistorySeedmatch is the biggest crowdfunding or crowd investing platform in Germany. The company was launched in 2011 and by 2012, collected over 100,000 Euro in financing through successfully funded startup projects. The first project to collected 1 million Euro successfully was the “Projekt AoTerra” Today, it is known as Cloud and Heat and focuses on providing heat through the operation of cloud servers. Patented technology helps the company achieve its aim, and it is now in its second phase of crowdfunding. This was in the second quarter of 2013 and November 2013; the e-Volo collected 1.2 Million Euro.One of the biggest crowdfund generators has been a Hamburg startup by the name of Protonet. This company managed to collect 1 million Euro in just four hours on Seedmatch and then managed to collect 3 million Euro in total for their project. Though not the most money collected through a crowdfunding campaign, it is currently the record holder for the fastest million collected.Germany has a smaller venture capital presence than the United States or the United Kingdom, and the Investors are traditionally more averse to risk. The founders had to work hard in the beginning to establish credibility with these investors. The initial two projects took time to close but since then the pace has picked up considerably. The platform aims to create transparency and present each startup in the most detailed way possible through a business plan as well as videos and provide QA sessions for investors. BENEFITS OF USING SEEDMATCHSome of the benefits of using Seedmatch for crowdfunding include:Market Leader: The company is the leading crowdfunding platform in Germany. This early initiation into the crowdfunding arena has ensured that the company can understand the market and leverage existing structures to make an impact for startups and investors.Smart Investors: The pool of investors registered on the website are an intelligent swarm and take active part in the entire process from actual f unding to providing valuable feedback to the startup. This can help tweak the offering and the product to improve chances or long term success.Transparent Proces: The company has made it a point to provide a transparent process for both investors and the startups that list their products for funding. There are high standards for quality information that startups need to meet. Information provided to the crowd includes total amounts to be collected and already collected as well as information on yield potential and potential risks.Investor Privacy: Since there is a minimum investment limit of 250 Euro per investor, often investors put in larger amounts than usual for crowdfunding models. Keeping this in mind, the company aims to provide security to these investors. This is done by a strict privacy policy that protects the investor data from third parties.WHY WHEN TO USE SEEDMATCHThe website has certain criteria in place for the kind of ideas that can be put forward for funding on Se edmatch. Though there may be many creative projects and ideas put forward by startups, they may not all be appropriate for crowdfunding or even crowdfunding through Seedmatch. In general, the idea needs to be from a young and innovative company that is not yet established but has a sustainable and scalable business model. Some of the most important criteria for a Seedmatch startup include:Inspiring Idea: The idea needs to be able to generate enthusiasm among potential investors and inspire these investors as well as potential customers.Innovation: The idea being brought forward by the startup needs to be an innovative product or service with clear points of differentiation and value addition for potential customers.Trends: Often, popular ideas follow a current trend or attractive categories in both business-to-consumer markets as well as business-to-business ones. Some popular categories include education, big data and IT security, consumer electronics, e-commerce, energy, food, hea lth, mobile, and mobility.Facts and Proof of Concept: Empty marketing phrases and terminology are not acceptable, and startups need to prove that the idea will work and deliver as promised.Strong Founding Team: The team presenting the idea needs to be competent in terms of both the product development side and the sales and marketing side.Scalability: Any business idea presented needs to be sustainable over the long term and scalable over time.Strong Communication: The startup needs to be able to develop a strong and sustained channel of communication with investors during the crowdfunding campaign and beyond it. This communication should be a two sided critical exchange between the startup and its potential and final investors.Minimum Investment Goal: A startup looking to list its project for funding needs to have a minimum capital requirement of 100,000 Euro.Other Factors: Other important factors for the startup include a current website for the business, a headquarters in Germany and necessary legal documentation for the startup.OPTIONS TO RAISE FUNDS FEES ON SEEDMATCHAs mentioned briefly before, the startup listing its project on Seedmatch needs to have a minimum capital requirement of 100,000 Euro. The minimum amount that can be invested is 250 Euro and on average each investor puts in about 600 Euro. This minimum investment amount ensures that even an amateur investor takes the time to assess the viability of the project itself. This is also why the company needs to provide detailed information about its business model and viability backed by facts and figures and not just marketing jargon.A commission fee is charged by Seedmatch on all successful crowdfunding rounds. This fee is between 5 and 10 percent of the total funded amount. Any transaction costs for the transfer of funds is also charged only if a round of funding was a success.HOW TO BE SUCCESSFUL ON SEEDMATCHStarting Crowdfunding on SeedmatchApplicationThe first step to listing a campaign on Se edmatch is to send the company introduction to the pitch desk. There are specific structures and formats to follow for this pitch. Once the pitch is sent in, it is evaluated internally first to assess whether the idea is viable for a crowdfunding platform. A response is usually received within 10 to 15 business days. If the feedback is positive and the idea deemed viable, the next step is to send in detailed documentation. This includes a business plan among other information. Once this is also approved, the startup is then invited to Seedmatch for a physical meeting where the business concept is discussed along with the details of the funding execution. The aim of the meeting is also to get to know the startup and for a startup to get to know the team at Seedmatch. When there are no further issues to clarify or work on, work is done on closing a funding agreement and the 4 to 6 week preparation process is initiated.Setting Up the CampaignThe point of the campaign is to tell investo rs the story of the company. The website provides support here by providing comprehensive structures that can be used to introduce a business concept. An important aspect of this introduction is a presentation video which can help give an authentic and enthusiastic image of the startup team to the investors. Seedmatch helps startups develop these if needed.Inviting People Once a profile page of information is created, funding can begin. It is up to the startup team to create a buzz and invite people to the fund page. This can be done through friends and family networks on social media outlets. The more people that hear about the campaign, the more likely the chances of reaching funding goals.Funding ConclusionOnce the target amount is reached, or a specific period of time passed, the funding round will be concluded. Investor relations can be managed through the same account on Seedmatch for the long term. It is important to keep the investors in the loop for your achievements, succe ss and even setbacks through regular reports. Continued advice and feedback can also be sought as different stages of the project are achieved. These investors should not be treated merely as a source of capital but as members of an extended team for the project, whose belief in a project is rewarded through involvement.Finding Investors on SeedmatchInvestors are generally attracted to startups that are able to:Showcase a product or service that is unique, innovative and with a clear USP.Provide accurate statements and facts about the business idea, business model and potential viability of this idea.Provide structured information in a clear and engaging way with the right graphics, the right photos and the right videos. Differentiation is key to remaining foremost in the minds of a potential investor as they go through multiple projects on the website.Demonstrate the advantages of their project and business model.Mistakes to AvoidA few basic mistakes to avoid when using Seedmatch t o fund a project include the following:Don’t make claims without facts â€" Users who donate to projects tend to question what they read and there should not be claims or marketing phrases that cannot be supported by facts.Don’t give unnecessary details â€" There is often a tendency by the project team to put too much information and long descriptions in their introduction. It is a better practice to keep the information provided brief and relevant. This can help capture and retain investor interest.Don’t forget to communicate with investors â€" More successful crowdfunded projects have usually had teams that were able to build a relationship through relevant communication with the right investors and potential customers.Don’t make errors in spelling and grammar â€" The profile presented by a project or startup is the investment offer to the outside world. This offer should be as perfect as possible and any errors in this presentation can end up separating the successes from the failures.SEEDMATCH SUCCESS STORIESSome of the most successful campaigns on Seedmatch include:ProtonetThe Product.  Protonet is a small server and private cloud. The product is targeted towards individual consumers and small businesses. Both a hardware and software solution, the product aims to help make the setup of a home network and server easier. According to the company, Protonet is a ‘one button social infrastructure and private cloud.’ The company has placed a lot of emphasis on design and usability of their product.The Campaign.  The project was listed on Seedmatch for crowdfunding. It managed to generate a record amount of 1 Million Euro in just 4 hours, unbeaten as of now on any crowdfunding platform. The total amount generated for the product was 3 Million Euro.Current Situation.  The company managed to raise money beyond expectations during its crowdfunding campaign. This means that there is more chance of a quicker product development and international expansion. The company had planned to push beyond German speaking countries in the middle of 2015, but are now in the financial position to do so much sooner. More on the Protonet success can be found here. BonaverdeThe Product.  The product is described as the world’s first roast-brew-grind coffee machine. The product claims to turn green, unroasted beans into freshly brewed coffee in under 14 minutes. Unroasted beans stay fresh longer than pre roasted ones. Therefore, the company is basing its business proposition on this enhanced flavor. When it launched officially, the company also aims to serve as an online marketplace for raw beans, connecting farmers to the end user.The Campaign.  The company is running several crowdfunding campaigns across various platforms. Their campaign on Seedmatch is ongoing, with over 1.2 Million Euro already collected.Current Situation.  The company has preorders worldwide through its other reward based crowdfunding campaigns. With capital still being raised, progress has yet to be seen. There has been some recent unhappiness from backers because of post campaign redesign of the product. Details can be found here. AoterraThe Product.  The product aims to provide heating and hot water using wasted heat from running servers. The end result is a powerful, decentralized, green solution. The project is now known as Cloud and Heat. The company identified two sources of revenue for itself: the sale of the heating equipment for free heat output and cloud services.The Campaign.  The campaign raised 1 million Euro in 2013. This was the first project to raise a million Euro for Seedmatch.Current Situation.  The company is now on its second round of funding via Seedmatch to further grow the business. The details of this campaign can be found here.

Why Do People Hire Editors

Lots of people use editing services, through their education, in their private life and at work. Sometimes it is because the person writing needs a helping hand on a certain editorial problem . Other time is it because the writer does not know the target audience as well as the editor. Sometimes it is because the writer has a blind spot to their weaknesses. Even great book and screenplay writers will make mistakes that they are completely unaware of until they are pushed under their nose. People experience editorial problems all the time Students are big customers of academic editors. This is not because students are particularly bad at essay writing, or because their work is particularly weak. It is because the academic community is made up of rules that have existed and evolved over hundreds of years. There are a lot of rules and for somebody starting out in their academic career, there is a lot to remember. You can teach a student to drive, and he or she may pass his or her te st. But the student is still going to make a few mistakes whilst driving, until he or she is used to driving. The same is true for academic conventions and rules. Sometimes an editor knows your target audience better than you Editors are sometimes more like selective snippers. They snip out the bits of your text that alter the flow, or snip out bits that will not appeal to the target audience. A writer may be very astute when it comes to course material, but may not yet know his or her target audience well enough to make an impact on them. An editor can alter your work to fit the expectations (and lusts) of your target audience. Editors can highlight your weaknesses Writers will often enjoy writing so much that they cannot see the sections where they messed up. This is why some of the greatest writers will leave their work for six months, come back to it, and tear up 75% of it. They enjoy writing so much that they cannot view their work objectively and with a cold eye. Many people however cannot afford to store their work for six months, and so will hire an editor to do it for them.

Crises during the presidency of andrew jackson Essay

Crises during the presidency of andrew jackson Andrew Jackson was a very influential man during the 1800s. Events that took place during his two-term tenure as President called upon his expertise on the Constitution. These events had a major impact on the country at that time. He had to face obstacles that presidents before him had not faced, but there was also one that was an old issue that was being reopened. This was the controversy over the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. The other major obstacles were the nullification controversy and the treatment of the Cherokee Nation. The nullification controversy started before Jackson came into office. In the year before Jackson had taken office, Congress had†¦show more content†¦Congress did so, but it was not enough for South Carolina. A month later a special convention met at the state capital and nullified the United States tariff acts of 1828 and 1832. Jackson ran for reelection that year without Calhoun and won. He declared, The Constitution . . . forms a government, not a league(Coit 17). He also stated that to annul a law was incompatible with the existence of the Union, and to say that any State may at pleasure secede . . . is to say that the United States is not a nation(Coit 17). He meant that nullification or secession would be an act of war. He also stated in his famous proclamation to the South Carolinians, The ordinance is founded . . . on the strange position that anyone State may not only declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its execution; that they may do this consistently with the Constitution; that the true construction of that instrument permits a State to retain its place in the Union and yet be bound by no other of its laws than those it may choose to consider constitutional(Commager 188). This clearly shows that Jackson thought that nullification was illegal according to the Constitution, and any attempt to enact it was a rebellious act of treason. The Constitution wasnt specific on either side of the issue, but Jackson manipulated the meaning of it well to sound like he was right and nullification was illegal. AfterShow MoreRelated Andrew Jackson Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson, born in 1767 was a child of poor Scotch-Irish immigrants. He ended up with enough education to be qualified to practice law. Jackson’s father died before he was born. The Revolutionary War started soon after he was born. It was very bloody in the wild and poor country where they lived. Jackson at the age of 13, joined a regiment. He was captured by the British, was wounded and nearly killed by a sword to the face for not polishing a British officers boots. He andRead MoreSimilarities Between Julius Caesar And Gaius Marius855 Words   |  4 PagesAquae Sextiae (102 B.C). Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States, will later embody the spirit of Julius Caesar and Gaius Marius throughout his military campaign in the War of 1812 as well as his presidency (1829 -1837). President Jackson’s unprecedented imprint upon American politics and the presidency has exposed viewers to analyze few similarities portrayed from both Julius Caes ar and Gaius Marius. Although the similarities portrayed between President Jackson and Gaius Marius wereRead MoreAndrew Jackson Rises Up From Nothing896 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early 1829, Andrew Jackson rises up from nothing to create the modern presidency in the United States. He became the seventh Precedent of the United States he was known for founding the Democracy party, and for his support of individual liberty. Andrew Jackson was born in March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw’s. Who later became a lawyer and a landowner. He became a national War hero after defeating the British in New Orleans during the War of 1812. His wife Rachel Jackson who he was married for 37 yearsRead MoreThe Panic Of 1837 : Crisis And Incident2735 Words   |  11 PagesThe panic of 1837 was a Financial crises and incident that was caused by the growth of the U.S economy and the use excessive use of loans. Inflation was a problem and the Second Bank of America had made withdrew excessive amount of mon ey. Many Banks began to accept money that would be consider hard money which consisted of gold and silver these actions would cause many Americans to become extremely suspicious. The rapid growth of the U.S economy during the Market revolution would also affect theRead MoreThe Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, and Sex in Andrew Jacksons White House1185 Words   |  5 PagesCynthia Mihay The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, and Sex in Andrew Jacksons White House. By John F. Marszalek. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. viii, 296 pp.) John F. Marszalek, author of The Petticoat Affair argues in his book that the Margaret Eaton affair, which plagued the first Jackson administration, was a social situation that had political ramifications. The thesis is that the Jacksonian Presidency brought a change to the office. Bringing much more democracyRead MoreThe Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, And Sex In Andrew Jacksons White House1237 Words   |  5 Pagesto 1865 The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, and Sex in Andrew Jacksons White House. By John F. Marszalek. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. viii, 296 pp.) John F. Marszalek, author of The Petticoat Affair argues in his book that the Margaret Eaton affair, which plagued the first Jackson administration, was a social situation that had political ramifications. The thesis is that the Jacksonian Presidency brought a change to the office. Bringing much more democracyRead MoreAndrew Jackson, A New School Of Thought Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pagesthought under the neoconservatives, a new school of thought based on both democratic and conservative viewpoints. Under the democratic school of Jacksonian historiography is Life of Andrew Jackson, a text written by John Spencer Bassett. In Bassett’s text we continue to look with greater eyes on the shortcomings of Jackson. Bassett argues Jackson’s â€Å"lack of education, his crude judgments in many affairs, his occasional outbreaks of passion, his habitual hatred of those enemies with whom he had not madeRead MoreThe Us Presidency1765 Words   |  8 PagesTrishi Malhotra POLS 3370 - The US Presidency Second Exam 1. The twenty-first century is based on a presidency opposite from the one we have read about in end of the 1700s. The Constitution gave the President such limited power that it controlled the early presidency. At that time, Congress was in vast control over the executive branch. Which resulted in the President only having a small number of exceptions. The Presidents at the time was just a tool for the Congress throughout the years. UntilRead MoreThe American Revolution : America2934 Words   |  12 Pagescommon pamphlet was called Common Sense and it was a â€Å"revolutionary tract written by Thomas Paine in January 1776. It called for independence and the establishment of a republican government in America†. â€Å"Reading was a very social technique used during this time†. Riots began to get the peoples and governments attention. Religion’s started picking sides to, by using political ideas in sermons. The tea act, tax on sugar and the stamp act were major issues American’s had with Great Britain and decidedRead MorePresident Dwight D. Eisenhower2547 Words   |  11 PagesPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower, the beloved and protective father figure of post-World War II, is perhaps most revered for his competence, and whose leadership as a Commander-In-Chief kept a nation safe during an unsettling period of the Cold War. He is highly regarded as one of our country’s greatest military leaders; however, he is considered a good, but not a great president. ‘Great presidents’ inherently ‘possess’ a visionary leadership role; that is they know the direction in which they want

Past Relationships And Forming New Relationships - 851 Words

Roach Group topic: Past Relationships and Forming New Relationships In today’s session, the group learned the roles that friends play in their recovery. Group members were to identify old friends who are supportive/not supportive of their recovery, and brainstorm and discuss ways to develop healthy relationships. PO had a strong participation in the group activities, and stated that she disengaged herself from most of her old friends as most of them are chemically dependent. PO expressed â€Å"respect, sobriety, honesty, intelligence, positive attitude, and motivated† as some of the important values in developing new friendships. PO is continually making progress in treatment, and appears to be in the maintenance stage of change. Spencer Group topic: Past Relationships and Forming New Relationships In today’s session, the group learned the roles that friends play in their recovery. Group members were to identify old friends who are supportive/not supportive of their recovery, and brainstorm and discuss ways to develop healthy relationships. PO had a strong participation in the group activities, and stated that she disengaged herself from friends that are still using alcohol and/or drugs. PO expressed â€Å"honesty, respect, supportive, and stay sober† as some of the important values in developing new friendships. PO is continually making progress in treatment, and appears to be in the action stage of change. Johnson Group topic: Past Relationships and FormingShow MoreRelatedFamily Feud in Anita Desai ´s Clear Light of Day1339 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiated by India’s independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the Islamic Pakistan. In Clear Light of Day, the Das children’s relationship with their parents causes lasting sibling conflict that mirrors this social and political upheaval of India. The Das parents’ negligent relationship with their children in Clear Light of Day mirrors India’s independence from Britain. Before their deaths, Mr. and Mrs. Das were preoccupiedRead MoreAnalysis Of Forester s A Passage Of India Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesIndia differ greatly when it comes to the integration and development of the intimate relationships in their lives. While Fielding starts off having close to none of these vital relationships in his reality, he soon leaves behind this meaningless way of life and begins interacting with people in more complex and intimate ways. Aziz, on the other hand, seems to start the novel much more open to these relationships, forgetting most of his initial aversions to foreigners and attempting to connect ofRead MoreCounselling ethics children and young people NZ Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed with relevant consideration as to how these issues may be addressed when forming a relationship with a child and their parents or caregivers. The influences of power, gender, ethnicity and cultural differences when counselling children and young people will be mentioned, with relevant aspects of key human development theories outlined. There are many things to consider when building a therapeutic relationship with a child or young person and potential challenges will be analysed and discussedRead MoreStudy Report: Team Effectiveness1266 Words   |  6 PagesForming, Storming, Norming, and Performing Helping New Teams Perform Effectively, Quickly Building a high-performing team takes patience and professionalism. 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The United States Public Policy - 1703 Words

Healthcare has been at the forefront of United States public policy for decades. Ever since President Roosevelt proposed healthcare reform during his 1912 run for president, reform has been a policy position often espoused in American politics, culminating with Social Security in the 1930s, Medicare in the 1960s, and finally the Affordable Care Act in 2010 (Palmer 1). While the goal of the Affordable Care Act is to provide care for every American, the United States has never fully adopted a single payer system; a healthcare system that provides universal care to every American. Furthermore, current systems within the United States that maintain single-payer attributes are subject to scrutiny from politicians and activists alike. While†¦show more content†¦In the article â€Å"What is Single Payer†, Physicians for a National Health Program define single-payer healthcare as â€Å"national health insurance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  whereas â€Å"...All residents of the U.S. would be covered for all medically necessary services...† (1-2). This is, of course, in stark contrast to the United State’s former system: employer based health insurance. Public opposition to the system undoubtedly lead to the Affordable Care Act (which fits within the aforementioned definition), and many wish to continue these reforms. Physicians for a National Health Program, a group that supports single payer, contend that a single payer system is necessary, for their estimates show that, â€Å"premiums would disappear; 95 percent of all households would save money† under a single payer system (2). Nevertheless, the promises of more productive and accessible care are at odds with certain findings. Deane Waldman, author of â€Å"Articles: Five Strikes Against Single Payer Healthcare† found that, historically, there have been five recurring problems associated with single payer healthcare: price controls, long waiting periods, rationing of care, inefficiency, and exorbitant costs. Waldman explains that price controls, such as price caps on pharmaceutical drugs which, in turn, destroyed Italy’s pharmaceutical industry (3-4). Waldman continues by elaborating on the woes of Canada’s system, suggesting that some Canadians literally died while waiting for care. She argues that care wasShow MoreRelatedPublic Policy : The United States1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States’ government has a responsibility to ensure the safety and security of its citizens and in doing so creates what is called public policy. The simplest way to describe public policy is an action that is taken by a government in order to address issues that they are facing. Public policy as its name states is generated through the government process such as the legislative branch. In order to address these issues the legislative branch enacts laws and regulations. Law is a majorRead MoreThe Role Of Public And Corporate Policies On The United States1886 Words   |  8 PagesSiting and operation of coal fired power plants in the U.S. today is a clear example of public and corporate policies disproportionately impacting communities of color and communities with low economic or political leverage. As discussed below, all the usual suspects associated with hazardous industrial operations make appearances. Direct toxicity, unexplained health issues, economic penalties, and failing schools (further concentration of low-income and less mobile) ravage the communities unfortunateRead MorePublic Policy Is An Essential Element Of The United States Government977 Words   |  4 PagesPublic policy is an essential element of the United States’ government. 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The environmental issues extend beyond unhealthy, and risky conditions due to waste management and unsustainable lifestylesRead MoreFlood Policies In The United States And The Netherlands Case Study1502 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper is about comparing flood policies in the United States and the Netherlands. How both countries are taking different approaches to a similar situation that both faces. Especially with the rising waters from global warming. This paper looks at what is causing these two different approaches. Is something domestic going on in the United States and the Netherlands that is leading to this result such as economics or public opinion? The research in this paper is intended to help solve this importantRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana1123 Words   |  5 Pagesand distributing marijuana within state and national borders. The last aspect of the proposal would require for marijuana to be regulated exactly like alcohol by the Food and Drug Administration as well as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tabaco, Firearms, and Explosives. Both of these proposals are probable options for the United States, but the key question they must answer is: Should marijuana be a national issue or a states issue? When discussing current marijuana policy they are certain rules put in placeRead MoreThe Process by Which Topics Become Public Policies1577 Words   |  6 PagesBecomes a Policy by for Summer 2013 In the United States, the process by which topics become public policy are the topics of animated cartoons for children (i.e., Schoolhouse Rock!s Im just a bill), but far less known is the specific process by which healthcare topics go on to become formal policies. Because every healthcare policy has the potential to affect all American healthcare consumers, it is important to understand the process by which a topic eventually becomes a policy. To thisRead MorePolitical Involvement os Power of the Public1456 Words   |  6 Pagesis the power of public opinion. When the people collectively begin to aggressively voice their concerns for a certain action to take place, it forces the hand of the government to act in response to that distress (Kraft and Furlong, 2013). There are currently nineteen states that offer a higher minimum wage than the federal mandate. Thirteen states raised their minimum wage levels on January 1, 2014, increasing the purchasing power of the lowest paid worker s in each respective state, some of the increasesRead MoreLyndon Johnson And The Vietnam War934 Words   |  4 PagesAsian and bring back home our troops. A policy Nixon redefined was the American role in the world by suggesting to limit the U.S resources and commitments. Therefore, Nixon’s set his efforts to end the war since the withdrawal from Vietnam was not an immediate option. Also, Nixon had his radar on Moscow and China because according to George C. Herring, they felt that they must release the United States from the war in a way that would uphold United States credibility with their friends and foes alikeRead MoreThe Strategic Management Of Health Systems And Services For Population Health Gain Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pages Investigating the Strategic Management of Health Systems and Services for Population Health gain in United States Qinran Liu Washington University in St. Louis Statement of the Problem Population health in the U.S has recently improved, as strategic management in health system develops. The United States has overtime experienced changes in the health system and services as the population increases and demand for healthcare. The regional balancing in rural and urban healthcare development

Play Essay - 1461 Words

The play space is not school, and whilst learning may be an important playwork priority, what is even more important is how the child learns and whether s/he retains control over prioritising what is learnt. Play is a process of trial and error in which the error is as valuable to learning as is the success. Within playwork we generally define play as behaviour which is freely chosen, personally directed and intrinsically motivated (Hughes, 1984). The definition is seen as having authenticity by playworkers because it recognises not only the child-centredness of play, but its experimental nature (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1967, 1970). (Hughes, 2001, p. 97) Playwork, as defined in Bonel and Lindon (1996) as managing the play environment and†¦show more content†¦Consequently, care should be exercised in generalizing conclusions from studies on one playground to other playgrounds. (The Developmental Benefits of Playgrounds, 2004) Making Sure Kids Have Opportunities to Play; in Association with Publicjobswales.Co.UK. Byline: By MICHELLE RUSHTON EVERY child in the UK has the right to relax and play, and to join in a wide range of activities, under article 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. To support this right to play, jobs and career opportunities are flourishing in the playwork sector. What is playwork? Play is recognised as crucial to a childs happiness and healthy development. Playwork is an emerging professional field with an an increasingly recognised and qualified workforce. It is the work of creating and maintaining spaces for children to play. Working in playwork means understanding and meeting the play needs of children and young people of different abilities, ethnic background and circumstances, usually but not exclusively between four and 16 years of age. Do I need to take a qualification? There are training opportunities at all levels of playwork for peoplewhowant to develop their skills and help empower children to play freely and take part in activities that are challenging, stimulating and also great fun! Higher education institutions are also realising the need for quality degree courses to up-skill playworkShow MoreRelatedChild Development : Play And Play885 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of ways to engage in play. Some children engage in observational play and learning while others engage in social play. Children engage in different types of play that are inter-connected. I was aware of child-initiated play, parallel play and cooperative play but I did not consider observing as part of play. As a teacher, it is important for me to conduct observations to help me understand what stage a child is in during play, so I can help them bridge the child’s play to the next stage, if necessaryRead MoreThe Play Heratbreaker875 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the play Heartbreaker Name Institution Date Introduction The play Heartbreaker is a fictitious story done by Michael Golamco. It features two main characters, Vithy, who is a sixteen year old teenager and her elder sister Ra who is aged twenty two years. The play takes place in a solemn setting down in a small apartment bedroom. The room does not contain a lot of things; it is empty except for some few basic properties that make a bedroom. They events of the play take place atRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play The Play Of Sweet Town 1938 Words   |  8 PagesProduction Report The Play of Sweet town is set in a small country town in the mid-1960s, Sweetown explores Australia’s uneasy relationship with the darker aspects of our national history. It deals with themes of, Australian history, memories, change, denial, reconciliation, identity, guilt. The writer Melissa Reeve’s purpose for its creation was to bring to attention and satirise the history that happened and was forgotten many years ago. The set is minimalistic, sparse and Non-realistic, with openRead MorePlay in childhood 1379 Words   |  6 PagesPlay What is play? Play is defined as engaging in activates for enjoyment recreation rather than a serious practical purpose. Playing is a disorganized voluntary spontaneous activity, which may include objects, one’s body, symbol usage, and relationships. Play is flexible, individualize, grouped, motivating, self-directed, open-ended, or self-directed. (Smith, 2013) (Saskatchewan Ministry of Education, 2010) While playing, children are gaining creative skills for creative developmentRead MorePlay Critique901 Words   |  4 PagesHimself: The Doctor in Spite of Himself is a play that I had previously studied in France like many of Molià ¨re’s plays. I thought that it was ironic for me to go see the play for the first time in theatre in the United States. I was really looking forward to hear how the actors would pronounce the characters’ French names, which are rather exotic even for me. I think that because I had previously studied Molià ¨re’s work in class, I was expecting this play to be performed in a much more traditional styleRead MoreImaginative Play9679 Words   |  39 PagessychChildren’s Imaginative Play: A Descriptive Psychology Approach Charles Kantor, Ph.D. Abstract The signiï ¬ cance of children’s imaginative play is presented from the perspective of Descriptive Psychology and in particular Ossorio’s Dramaturgical model of persons. The ï ¬â€šuidity of imaginative play, the imitation of and creation of social practices and options within play as well as the opportunity to switch roles and act according to reasons of another, contribute to the development of judgment.Read MorePlay Number Of Children $ 44 Type Of Play2483 Words   |  10 PagesPlay Number of children = 44 Type of play Unoccupied 7 1 Yelling for mother with no interactions with equipment or other children. 5 Walking around aimlessly. Do not seem to be wanting to play. 1 At the gate uninterested in the play equipment. Onlooker 3 1 Watching other children being pushed on swings. 1 A younger girl looking on at the older children running on top of the spinner. 1 Watching other children play with the water equipment. Solitary 7 1 On a scooter riding around 1 Playing on the playgroundRead MoreSpeech At The 2016 Play Conference Hosted By The Us Play988 Words   |  4 Pages Fran, thank you for allowing me to attend the 2016 Play Conference hosted by the US Play Coalition. I attended three sessions on Monday, April 4th, and the experience was highly beneficial for my future career and built on many topics I have learned this semester so far. The exposure to Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management professionals allowed me to see possible futures for myself. The first session I attended was on the education track; it was given by Debbie Stevens- Smith and was entitledRead MoreThe Importance of Childrens Play1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of play in young children cannot be stressed enough. It has be shown numerous times through research the benefits that play can have. When you think of children playing it brings a smile to your face. The importance of play definitely plays a big role in a child’s life especially between the ages of 5 to 7. What does â€Å"play† mean? There are many different types of definitions because everyone â€Å"plays† differently. Play â€Å"engage in activity for enjoyment and recreation rather than aRead MorePlay At The Center Of The Curriculum Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, Play at the Center of the Curriculum (5th Edition) written by Judith Van Hoorn, Patricia Monighan Nourot, Barbara Scales, Keith Rodriguez Alward, I have learned play can foster children to develop many skills such as physical, cognitive concepts language, social and emotional. In this chapter, these authors discussed the importance of different types of outdoor play such as physically active outdoor play, outdoor nature play, and child-initiated outdoor play. Physically active outdoor play contributes

Case Study Business Ethics Free Essays

Comment on Piech’s neglect in not telling the board about Porsche buying Volkswagen shares. What is the significance of this event? During a Volkswagen supervisory meeting on April 19,2006, some of the board members asked for the reason on the dramatically changes on the price of Volkswagen shares. Unfortunately, there was no answer on this matter. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Business Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Piech was the one who know about Porsche buying Volkswagen shares and purposely not informed to the board members of Volkswagen. The price of shares increased was due to Porsche keep buying the Volkswagen shares. Piech stated that he kept quiet on the increasing of the price of Volkswagen shares because he did not want the price of Volkswagen shares to increase much more higher. It is unethical behavior that done by Piech. Piech should inform the board members of Volkswagen as they can find a strategy to prevent the share price grows up abnormally. The board members have the right to be well informed on the reason of changes on the shares price. The significance of this event is the drastically increase in the price of Volkswagen shares. Porsche tends to buy the Volkswagen shares as much as possible in order to increase the price of Volkswagen shares. Porsche would like to increase the price of Volkswagen shares in order to direct the Volkswagen shareholders that Porsche want to takeover Volkswagen. It then makes sense to the public that Porsche want the share of Volkswagen. From here, Porsche shorted huge amounts of Volkswagen shares by borrowing from the existing owners. Then, Porsche started to sell it to earn the money and buy back the shares when the price dropped. It results Porsche earned a large amount of profit by short selling the shares. As Porsche acquired a large amount of Volkswagen shares, Porsche became the Volkswagen’s largest shareholder. The Economist. (2008). How Porsche fleeced hedge funds and roiled the world’s financial markets. Retrieved from http://www. economist. com/node/12523898. Bloomberg. (2012). Piech Crowns 20-Year VW Turnaround With Porsche Takeover. Retrieved from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-07-05/piech-crowns-20-year-vw-turnaround-with-porsche-takeover-cars. html How to cite Case Study Business Ethics, Free Case study samples

Sir William Wallace Essay Example For Students

Sir William Wallace Essay When the king of Scotlanddied without an heir to the throne the nephew of the king also the king ofEngland nicknamed Edward the Longshanks (Edward I) took the throne for himselfand complete control of Scotland. William WallWhen the king of Scotland died without an heir to thethrone the nephew of the king also the king of England nicknamed Edward theLongshanks (Edward I) took the throne for himself and complete control of Scotland. William Wallace was Bornin January of the year 1272. He was the second of three sons. He was born inthe town of Elerslie, which was in Scotland. His Father Sir Malcolm Wallaceheld the title of knight but had little to no political power. Wallaces Fatherwas involved in a revolt called Turnberry Band when William was 14 years oldand was sent to live with his uncle Argile. His Uncle taught William Latinand French and how to be a swordsmen.When Williams father returned from therevolt at Turnberry Band William was 17 years old. Fighting between rivalfamilies and rival towns were heating up. Civil War was about to Break outin Scotland. Brawling and riots inside towns turned into full scale battles,Where in the Battle of Loudoun Hill Williams father was involved and killed. William Stayed with his mother For two years until he met Murron Braidfootand married her in the year 1272. There are many tales on how William Wallacebecame and outlaw after his marrige, one such is that one day William wasfishing at a near by lake when a group of english soilders approached him anddemanded william give them the fish he had caught. William trying to get foodfor himself and his wife said they could only take half. The soilders enragedlunged at William. But William fought off and killed both of the guards, foreverbecoming an outlaw. In The month of may 1272 A group of english soilders underthe command of The English Sheriff of Lanark, William de Hazelrig ordered thedeath of Williams wife. It seems that William had already started his revoltagainst England when his wife was murdered in an attempt to arrest Wallace. Wallaces huge act of rebellion attracted the attention of common folk andScots nobles alike, all of whom were unwilling to bear Edward the Longshankslaws. Rebelion forces under William Wallace were scattered all over scotlandbut they all submerged together and met a larger more equipped english armyat the Battle of Stirling. The Battle of Stirling happened a little differentlythan portrayed in the film Braveheart. On September 11, 1297, The English forceswere arrayed around Stirling Castle, while the Scots were opposite them acrossthe forth, which wound through a valley. All that seperated the two armieswas a bridge across the forth. Because of poor commanding by the English leaders,The english were trapped as they crossed the bridge and were slaughtered bythe Scots. In March of 1298 Wallace was Knighted by the scottish noble manRobert the bruce and was appointed guardian of Scotland. Edward I finallyheaded for Scotland with his army in July of 1298 Sadly the english army wasmuch larger than the Scots and despite Wallaces best efforts the english decimatedthe Scots at the battle of Falkirk. Wallace himself barely escaped and Somehistorians do belive that Robert the bruce helped Wallace escape from englishsoilders. After Scotlands loss at Falkirk Wallace resignes as guardian ofScotland, no one knows what Wallace did for the next 3 years But some belivehe led mild raids into england which only enraged King Edward I more. Manybelive that someone betrayed Wallace at his capture near Glasgow by englishforces where he was immiediatly sent to london to be executed for treason. .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .postImageUrl , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:hover , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:visited , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:active { border:0!important; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:active , .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90cdde687878fcde2698fd169e8108ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sociology2 EssayThe Sentance was immiediatly carried out Wallace was wrapped in oxhide anddragged several miles to Smithfield. Where he was hanged until almost unconsciousand then tied two a table and disemboweled where the english set his entrailson fire while still attached to his body, he was possibly castrated as welland then beheaded. Category: History

Effect of Price Elasticity on Demand-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss how Price of a Product directly affects its Demand. 2.Discuss about the Absolute advantage and Comparative advantage theories. Answers: 1.Price of a product directly affects its demand. The extent of this effect is captured by price elasticity of demand. Change in demand proportion due to change in price is defined as price elasticity of demand. Therefore, the information of demand elasticity guides the producer to determine price of the concerned product. Producers involve in production activity with a profit motive. Revenue, which is the product of price and quantity, depends on demand elasticity. The elasticity affects differently to a producer operating in competitive market and those operating in imperfect competitive market. In case, the producer sells the product in competitive market setting a high price highly reduces demand for the product because of availability of close substitute (Mankiw, 2014).. On the other hand, monopolist seller benefitted from charging high price for product having low elasticity. Elasticity also differs depending on classification of the product. Products counted as necessary product are inelastic in nature. Therefore, changing price does not affect revenue and profitability. Luxury items are highly elastic nature. Hence, policy of a price decrease benefits the producers by a greater proportionate increase in sales volume. In a linear demand curve, there is portion where demand is elastic, inelastic and unit elastic. If the demand for the product is elastic then total revenue decreases with increase in output volume. In case of inelastic demand, revenue moves in line with output. That is if output decreases then revenue also decreases (Esteves Reggiani, 2014). For unit elastic demand no change in total revenue is realized even when output changes. 2.In international trade, two important theories are absolute advantage and comparative advantage theories. Adam Smith pioneers the first one while David Ricardo pioneered the second. Before the evaluation of comparative advantage, countries specialized depending on their absolute advantages. Absolute advantage measures productive efficiency. Between two countries, the country that can produce more goods using fewer amounts of resources in absolute term is said to have absolute advantage in that good. While comparative advantage is determined by considering the amount of goods, have to be sacrificed to produce one good. Greater the amount of sacrificed good greater is the opportunity cost (Gilpin, 2016). In comparative advantage theory, country specializes in good in which it has a lower opportunity cost. Productive resources are more important in absolute advantage while opportunity cost is important in comparative advantage theory. Comparative advantage illustrates the capacity of one country to produce one good in an efficient way than other. It usually compares countries production output for similar kind of goods or services. A country has absolute advantage if it is able to produce greater amount of goods and services when same resources are made available to them Comparative advantage takes into consideration overall level of production of a country in given time as contrast to absolute advantage (Hanson, Lind Muendler, 2015). Absolute advantage can capture output of multiple goods but not overall production. Unlike absolute advantage notion of mutual benefit is involved in comparative advantage. Because of a detailed analysis of ability of nations, comparative advantage is a more acceptable theory in international trade. References Esteves, R. B., Reggiani, C. (2014). Elasticity of demand and behaviour-based price discrimination.International Journal of Industrial Organization,32, 46-56. Gilpin, R. (2016).The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Hanson, G. H., Lind, N., Muendler, M. A. (2015).The dynamics of comparative advantage(No. w21753). National bureau of economic research. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Essentials of economics. Cengage learning.

Using a Sample Essay For Stanford to Find Your Study Partner

Using a Sample Essay For Stanford to Find Your Study PartnerUsing a sample essay for Stanford will help you find your academic soul mate. If you are in your sophomore year and looking for the right people to get to know, getting an essay for Stanford can really be helpful to get to know a student that might possibly end up being a great match for you. Just by sending an essay for Stanford is not as difficult as it sounds because it will guide you through the process of writing. It also will give you a chance to see how well you can write, so that you will not have a hard time when it comes to submitting the essay to your prospective student.An essay for Stanford can be a great way to prepare yourself for your college entrance exam. This is also a great way to make a good impression on the college counselor who is going to screen your application. The essay for Stanford will give you ideas on what information you should include in your application.In choosing a sample essay for Stanfo rd, it is a good idea to start by choosing the topic that you would like to write about. For example, if you are planning to major in politics, you may choose to write about the world, events, or personalities. If you have already decided on your major, you may write a special essay focusing on a certain topic. The first one is to give you a brief description of your future major and to give you ideas on how to enhance it.The second section is where you will apply for admission and the academic college essay. You will have to write about your goals, why you want to go to Stanford, your reasons behind joining the College, and your dreams for the future. Write down a brief summary about what you plan to do once you graduate from college.As for your topics, you will have to write about things that you have done or read. You may be interested in writing about a specific event or how someone influenced you. The more you write, the better you will know what you want to do with your life.O nce you have finished writing, submit it to the admissions office. It will take about three weeks for the essay to be sent. If you do not have a computer with an internet connection, you can write the essay in a word processor. Just make sure that you remember the topics that you have discussed.By using this essay as a sample, you will get more ideas on how to write an essay. The same methods used in preparing for the SAT will work well for this. If you are struggling with writing an essay, don't worry because there are many resources online to help you. Just don't let this drive you away from writing because the essay for Stanford is very helpful for you.

8 Rules About Punctuation and Quotation Marks

8 Rules About Punctuation and Quotation Marks 8 Rules About Punctuation and Quotation Marks 8 Rules About Punctuation and Quotation Marks By Mark Nichol The use of full or partial quotation marks or of paraphrases calls for attention to detail and adherence to a few punctuation rules. Notice that the examples below are deliberately incorrect. 1. â€Å"Most agree the word means something like: This stream meanders through something red.’† The words in the quotation collectively serve the grammatical function of a noun and are not set off from the attribution by a comma or a colon. 2. â€Å"The motto, ‘Might makes right’ applies here.† In this similar case, â€Å"the motto† is an appositive for â€Å"Might makes right,† just as in â€Å"the Web site DailyWritingTips.com,† â€Å"the Web site† is an appositive of the site’s name: â€Å"The motto ‘Might makes right’ applies here.† To insert a comma implies that this is the only existing motto (though there should then be one after right as well to complete the restrictive phrase). 3. â€Å"According to the book, at the first sign of an outbreak, ‘Children were whisked home from summer camps in the middle of the night.’† If an incomplete quotation is completed by a preceding paraphrase, lowercase the first word of the partial quotation unless it is a proper noun. In this case, â€Å"at the first sign of an outbreak† substitutes for the missing introductory phrase: â€Å"According to the book, at the first sign of an outbreak, ‘children were whisked home from summer camps in the middle of the night.’† In scholarly writing, the first letter of children should be bracketed to clarify that it was capitalized in the original source, but that nicety is unnecessary in general. 4. â€Å"He concluded that what America needs most is a â€Å"guiding belief† for citizens, industry, and government.† This sentence is essentially correct, but when a partial quote consists of such a brief phrase, ask yourself whether the quotation marks are justified; why not just paraphrase the entire sentence?: â€Å"He concluded that what America needs most is a guiding belief for citizens, industry, and government.† 5. â€Å"Her response was that she had ‘definitely locked the door on my way out.’† A writer might deem it crucial to retain a partial quote, but if the speaker uses the first person, the quotation won’t fit the reportorial third-person framing, and a paraphrase is necessary: â€Å"Her response was that she had definitely locked the door on her way out.† (Alternatively, you could paraphrase part of the direct quote â€Å"Her response was that she had ‘definitely locked the door’ on her way out† but, again, with diminishing returns.) 6. â€Å"The question is which selection is better?† This is a conjectural question not literally stated, so it is only tangentially related to the other examples here, but it’s important to point out that such constructions should include a comma: â€Å"The question is, which turnoff did she take?† (However, when the sentence is not stated as a question, the comma should be omitted: â€Å"The question is which selection is better.†) 7. When asked to clarify his earlier statement, he said: ‘I have nothing to add.’† Writers frequently introduce a statement with a colon rather than a comma, but this construction is awkward, because a colon invites the reader to put on the brakes, rather than just slow down, a fleeting action the more flexible comma invites: â€Å"When asked to clarify his earlier statement, he said, ‘I have nothing to add.’† (See also the second example, above.) Do retain the colon, however, when the attribution is an independent clause, as here: â€Å"He made this shocking public statement: ‘I think there is a fair chance Perth will be the twenty-first century’s first ghost metropolis.’† 8. â€Å"‘This [the subway bombing] is a minor thing that will develop into something major,’ she added.† When scholarly standards or journalistic integrity demands an exact quotation, but a full statement isn’t available, here’s the conventional but clunky solution: Provide the rest of what the speaker or writer meant to say or the definite noun they didn’t provide in order to fortify your class or reporting assignment within brackets. But note that the bracketed insertion should replace, not supplement, the indefinite subject: â€Å"‘[The subway bombing] is a minor thing that will develop into something major,’ she added.† Alternatively, especially in less-than-formal contexts (or even in newspaper reporting I won’t tell), feel free when you are certain of the intended specifics to employ a handy technique called silent correction. In other words, bail on the brackets: â€Å"The subway bombing is a minor thing that will develop into something major,† she added.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidCapitalization Rules for the Names of GamesDozen: Singular or Plural?

Politics in Media essays

Politics in Media essays Politics in Media: A Readers Perception Everywhere you look today, weather it is on the television or in the newspaper, its obvious that election time is drawing near. From CNN to the New York Times, the country is abuzz over this years candidates. I must admit that I am quite perplexed on how the media is handling this election year. I have not seen very much coverage on the issues that each candidate is purposing to the American people. Instead, I have noticed the use of he said, she said propaganda as a way of communicating each partys message. I think it is detrimental as American voters that we know the issues at hand and filter out the needless barrage of opinionated journalism. One example comes from the accompanying article, which I found inside the Indianapolis Star. In his article, The Virtues of a Boring Candidate, David Brooks sums up presidential candidate John Kerry as a humdrum speaker who spent too much time in congress. He also points out that he might know too much information, as such that he makes bore some speeches and elaborates too much on topics. This leads you to question the authors validity in the political field of journalism. I am comforted and believe most people feel the same when we know that our President is knowledgeable about the issues. When choosing a President, I do not think that the American public is really concerned about someone who will keep them entertained when they turn on their televisions. People elect a President in which they feel confident that they will make right and moral decisions based on the thought of the nation. This is just biased journalism intended to persuade the reader to feel how Mr. B rooks does. Now, let us look at the benefits of factual journalism. When people are presented with the facts, it is clear and concise to the reader what the author is trying to tell them. There is no room for opinio ...

Anglo and Afro- American Folk Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anglo and Afro- American Folk Music - Essay Example In those days American folklore was intricately associated with politics and the Almanacs were preceded by the likes of The Collective, which was a group bent upon revolutionizing the world of music through their songs of protest. However, the Collectives were not very successful in their endeavor (Dunaway,1). The Almanacs barely completed two years and had recorded only about three dozen songs yet each song gained immense popularity. Like the Collectives, the Almanacs followed the political cue. In fact, today they are hailed as one of the pioneers of protest –singing of the 960s. The group started in 1940 when Pete Seeger, Millard Lampell and Lee Hays came together. Pete Seeger and Lee Hays had already started singing at political parties organized by the left front. The name â€Å"Almanac† was selected since in rural areas the Bible and the Almanac was found in all homes and the latter helped people get through this worldly life. One can barely keep away politics when it comes to discussing the great works produced by the group. So basically, much of the collection of songs of the groups were inspired by politics and in most cases reflected political standing of the times. The group advocated isolationism, which was rendered as a moot especially after the Pearl Harbor. The songs sung by the Almanacs such as â€Å"Which Side are you on† written by Florence Reece or â€Å"Solidarity Forever† which later became the anthem of the U.S. Labor Movement and numerous other songs inspired emerging and free-thinking musicians and gypsies. The impact of their intense passion and unity inspires songwriters and singers even today. Even though the Almanacs themselves did not belong to the working class; most of their songs were aimed at the working class. All the members of the Almanac were associated with left front politics and all their functions and public events were aimed at luring people to join

IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to present using Research Paper

IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to present using international business perspective - Research Paper Example Globalization has huge implications for companies as it can reduce the cost structure of the companies and bring in improvement in terms of quality of products. Globalization has helped in improving international trade and investment volume as more and more companies have entered in to global market and take the shape of multinational organizations. Earlier US companies used dominate in the field of international exports and FDI. But, with changing world scenario, various European countries, Japan as well as emerging economies like India, China, Korea, etc. have reduced the dominance of USA as they are following the same footprint (Hill, 2010). For example, share of FDI of the companies of developing world have increased from less than 1 percent in 1980 to as high as 15 percent in 2008, while the share of USA based companies have declined from near 40 percent in 1980 to 18 percent in 2008(approximately) (Hill, 2010). The political scenario has also changed in this changed economic si tuation. The political dominance of US is no under great threat in this increasing market economy. Many European countries that were Communist earlier and Some Asian countries have undertaken democratic politics and stressed on building free market economies. Hence, international businesses are getting more and more opportunities to enter these economies that have in turn strengthen these economies. (Hill, 2010) In this globalized world, importance of global institutions has increased significantly in maintaining order in various economical and political fields. IMF is one of such institutes which hold an important position in this changing economic and political environment. In fact, it is helping this process of change by its policies. IMF is responsible for maintaining order and stability in the international monetary system. The performance of international businesses to a large extent depends on the operation of international monetary system. If this system operates properly, t hen, the risks associated with international business operation reduce significantly. This paper will place its focus on some important issues relating to IMF policies and its scandals since 2007 as IMF activities is closely related to the performance of international businesses. (Hill, 2010) Issues and Problems with IMF since 2007: Since 2007, a number of issues relating to IMF activities is worth mentioning as this period corresponds to the recent global financial crisis that has essentially affected internal business. Some of these issues will be looked at in this section. Failure of IMF in the early detection of US sub-prime crisis in 2007: IMF is responsible for maintaining stability in the world monetary system and any kind of crisis that my take place in future so that international businesses become aware of that event and take required steps. But IMF is being blamed for its failure to predict the materialization and severity of the financial crisis that was creates in US (B ennet, 2008). The crisis first emerged in the sub-prime market of US. There was a bubble in the market in 2006 and 2007. The movements in this market were some early sign of the upcoming event of global financial crisis. But, the IMF failed to capture those signals in sub-prime market. It is now being said that lack of technical and analytical capacity of the IMF along with US’s unwillingness to implement surveillance of financial sector by IMF were responsible for IMF’s inability to detect the early signs of the crisis and predict its emergence and severity. (Bennet, 2008; Bossone, 2008b) Changing macroeconomic Policy under global financial crisis: Although IMF failed to predict the recent global

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy An EIS study was carried out at different dc potentials in order to study the mechanism of ORR in O2 saturated alkaline solutions on prepared GDEs. The Nyquist plots of GDEs under different polarization potentials are shown in Fig. 5. The impedance diagrams show two different behaviors which depend on the applied dc potentials. In the other words, the shape of plots changed at different potentials, suggesting different electrochemical processes occurring on the electrode. The impedance spectra acquired at the potential lower than 0.7 V show one loop in the high frequency region associated with the time constant of a charge transfer process and semi-infinite diffusive manner related to Warburg component in the low frequency region. This semi-infinite diffusive character is related to the adsorption of reactants and intermediate products. The Nyquist plots of O2 reduction on GDEs at the E≠¥0.7 show two loops. The processes that could be involved on the electrode surface that would produce these changes include [37]: (1) Diffusion of O2 through the gas phase in the pores (of porous carbon supported catalyst) and the electrolyte to the reaction site. (2) Adsorption or heterogeneous surface reaction of the oxygen, together with oxygen diffusion. (3) Charge transfer. (4) Diffusion of reduction products into the bulk electrolyte Many reaction mechanisms have been proposed to describe ORR in aqueous electrolytes. Among these models, the Damjanovic model (Fig. 6) is one of the most extensively employed models, due to its applicability over a wide potential region. Damjanovic model describes the ORR as a multi-electron reaction which O2 molecules in the vicinity of the electrode are irreversibly reduced directly to H2O through 4-electron transfer (with a constant rate, k1) or to H2O2 through 2-electron transfer (constant rate, k2). The H2O2 formed can be reduced to H2O through 2-electron transfer (constant rate, k3) or diffuse into the bulk solution [38]. The ORR mechanism on transition metals has also been investigated by theoretical calculation based on the electronic structure [39-40]. The dissociative mechanism and the associative mechanism are proposed for a low current density range (more positive potentials) and a high current density range (more negative potentials), respectively [41]. Dissociative Mechanism (E≠¥0.7 V): In this mechanism, no H2O2 is produced. On a metal surface, O2 adsorption breaks the O-O bond and forms adsorbed atomic O, which further gains two electrons in the two consecutive steps, forming hydroxide ions. Since there is no adsorbed O2 on the catalyst surface, H2O2 cannot be formed. This mechanism can be considered a detailed form of the direct 4-electron pathway and can be written as follows: 1/2O2 + M(metal active sites) → O ºads (11) O ºads + e + H2O → OHads + OHaq (12) OHads + e → OHads → OHaq (13) Associative Mechanism (EË‚0.7 V): Since adsorbed O2 is present, the O-O bond may not be broken in the following steps, resulting in the formation of H2O2. The H2O2 could either be further reduced to H2O or be a final product. Therefore, the mechanism can be written as follows: O2,ads + 2H2O + 2e → H2O2 + 2OH (14) H2O2 + 2e → 2OH (15) The further reduction of H2O2(ads) to hydroxide ions occurs only once the enough overpotential has been reached and before the formed H2O2 diffuse into the bulk solution [41]. The two loop manner of GDEs in Nyquist plots may be related to two basic steps. On the other hand, for E ≠¥ 0.7 V, two time constants are detected during the impedance measurements (Fig. 5). The first time constant at high frequencies is associated with the charge transfer reaction according to Eq. 12, while the second may be associated with the further reduction of OHads to produce OH based Eq. 13. On the other hand, for EË‚0.7 V, the first time constant is related to H2O2 intermediate formation according to Eq. 14 and further semi-infinitive diffusive manner in the low frequency region can be explained by adsorption and diffusion of this intermediate into the bulk solution. In order to obtain quantitative information from impedance spectra in Fig. 5, two electric circuits were employed (Fig. 7). The electric circuit in Fig. 7a was used to simulate the impedance response of those spectra with OCP and E Using the equivalent circuits shown in Fig. 7, a constant phase element (CPE) is suggested instead of pure capacitance (C), due to the non-homogeneous surface of the electrodes. The impedance of CPE is defined as [Yo(jω)n]-1, where Yo is a constant with dimension (S.sn), while the exponent n denotes the correction factor pertaining to the roughness of the electrode and has values that range from 0 to 1. A pure capacitance yields n=1, a pure resistance yields n=0, while n=0.5 represents the ideal Warburg impedance. The true capacitance values can be calculated using the following equation [38]: C=[Yo Ãâ€" R (1-n)]1/n (14) According to equivalent circuits shown in Fig. 7, Rs is associated with the resistance of the solution, connectors, leads and wires. R1 is the charge transfer resistance of the reduction process from O2 to H2O2, R2 is the resistance of adsorbed species with H2O2 as the main intermediate or O2 adsorption into the GDE pores in the figure 7.a. The R1 and R2 circuit components in figure 7b are the charge transfer resistance of the reduction process of O ºads to OHads and the reduction process of OHads to OH, respectively. Parameters calculated from the equivalent circuits (Fig. 7) of O2 reduction on the GDEs are listed in Table 3. According to table 3, the Rs values change as a function of the potential, indicating that the contribution of the apparatus (connectors, leads and wires) from the total impedance of system shouldn’t be dismissed. So, the Rs values have a contribution function of both electrolyte and the apparatus resistance, i.e., connectors, leads and wires. R1 and R2 also show a dependence on the applied dc potentials (Fig. 8). By increasing the positive potential, the R1 values decrease. In the potential region of lower than 0.7 V, the adsorption of free O2 molecules happens on the metal catalyst and then O2,ads reduces to OHads (Eq.8). In the applied dc potential of E≠¥0.7 V, the adsorption of O ºads free radicals happens. By increasing the positive applied potentials, the adsorbed amount of O2,ads and O ºads increases and the further reduction process occurs more easily in the catalyst layer. So the R1 values will be decreased. The dependence of true capacitance values of the applied potentials is shown in Fig. 10. The adsorbed species enhancement by increasing the more positive potentials causes to decrease of C1 values. The R2 values for EË‚0.7 V are related to the adsorption of molecules like H2O2,ads into the GDE pores. When the potential is increased to more positive potentials, the adsorption of H2O2,ads spec ies by the oxygen atom orientation to the metal catalysts will be increased and R2 values became higher. In the potential region of E≠¥0.7 V, the OH,ads species which are reduced to OHaq, increase and charge transfer happens more easily. So the R2 values will be decreased. The C2 values also decrease because of more species adsorption (Fig. 10). Comparison of R values for GDEs shows that the Pt.Ru/C electrocatalyst has the lowest resistance in the whole range of applied dc potentials because of charge transferring occurring more easily and so ORR happens more rapidly at this electrocatalyst type. This behavior can be observed due to the synergistic effects of Pt and Ru catalyst species. The true capacitances of GDEs also show that the calculated of Pt.Ru/C and Ru/C electrocatalyst are higher than Pt.C ones. It is because the Ru species act as a protonic capacitor in the Pt.Ru/C and Ru/C GDEs. 3.5. Chronoamperometery The oxygen diffusion coefficients of GDEs were determined by chronoamperometry technique. Chronoamperograms were obtained by holding the potential of the electrodes at +1.2 V for 10 s and then holding it at +0.4 V relative to the Ag/AgCl electrode for 500 s with oxygen flowing along the electrolyte. With plotting i vs. t−1/2, the linear dependence relationship was obtained for different electrodes [42]: (16) Where I is the limited current, A the surface area of the electrode, D the diffusion coefficient, C the concentration of oxygen, n the number of electrons in the overall reaction of ORR, F the Faraday’s constant, t the time, and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is equal to 3.14. Fig. 11 shows the chronoamperograms of GDEs at +0.4V in relative to the Ag/AgCl in alkaline media. . Cottrell parameters are listed in Table 4, also. The results confirmed the higher Cottrell slope and D values for Pt.Ru/C electrode. So, the Pt.Ru/C cathode has more permeability and activity towards oxygen reduction reaction. Conclusion In this investigation, Pt/C, Ru/C and Pt.Ru/C bimetallic electrocatalysts were prepared by chemical reduction process. Then the resulted inks were coated on carbon paper and used as gas diffusion electrodes for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. The surface structure of oxygen depolarized cathodes was studied by SEM and EDX analysis. The SEM results showed that all the cathodes consist of rough and porous structures. And Pt, Ru nanclusters were deposited quite uniformly onto/into Vulcan carbon supports with the average particle size of about 30-45 nm. The ORR activity of cathodes was evaluated in 0.1 M O2 saturated NaOH media. Comparison of cyclic voltamograms of Pt/C, Ru/C and Pt.Ru/C electrodes in O2 saturated solutions show that for Pt.Ru/C catalyst current increase induced by ORR is shifted towards more negative electrode potentials and only higher current values have been obtained within the ORR region. It can be concluded that the second metal addition has influenced the catalytic activity of electrocatalyst toward ORR. This matter can be related to synergistic effect, which is playing a critical role in ORR activity. The Pt.Ru/C cathodes showed lower Tafel slops and high current densities. An EIS study was carried out at different dc potentials in order to study the mechanism of ORR in O2 saturated alkalin e solutions on prepared GDEs. The Nyquist plots of GDEs under different polarization potentials show two different behaviors, suggesting different associative and dissociative electrochemical processes occurring on the electrode.